Assuming you plan on graduating in May and will remain in the US, there are three main options

• post doctoral research
  Job application search should start by October, applications submitted by December
• job in industry (non-academic career)
  Attend Fall career fair
• academic career
  Job application search should start by September, applications submitted by October
  Ask questions in the interview like
  • what is the tenure procedure?
  • what is expected of me?
  • what is the workload like (teaching, grants, research)?
  • be able to give an estimated budget
    to hire a post-doc, figure $40,000/year salary and then double that to include fringe benefits and overhead. Then equipment cost for theorist is a few thousand. Travel is $4,000 per meeting, with $2,000 overhead. $100,000 per year, which means $300,000 for a single post-doc for 3 years.

Post Doctoral research

Truman Fellowship at Sandia National Lab

Alexander Hollander Distinguished Post-doctoral Fellowship

Independent Postdocs, Part 1 and Part 2

Postdocs Are Not All Created Equal--Postdoc Status, Part 2

Success Factors for Postdocs: Ensuring a Fruitful Fellowship

Training Postdocs: Communication is Key

Coming to America: Doing a Postdoc in the U.S.

The Ups and Downs of Doing a Postdoc in Europe

American Postdocs Abroad